b'Contents7Foreword 8Preface Part A Chapter 1: Methodology for assessing potential for raising new income11Introduction 1.1 12Steps 15 1.2 - 1.6 14Optional extra steps 1.7 - 1.9 16Supporting tools for charging 1.10 - 1.11 19Raising income through commercial trading 1.12 - 1.21 25Suggested methodology for developing trading propositions and evaluation 1.22 - 1.24 Chapter 2: Background to legislation governing local authority charging and trading 35General 2.1 36Charging controversy 2.2 38Public law and vires 2.3 39Examples of improper motive 2.4 40The necessary implication test 2.5 42Municipal trading 2.6 43Trading with other local authorities and public bodies 2.7 44Summary 2.8 Chapter 3: Charging under the 2003 Act 45Introduction 3.1 45Income-generating initiatives 3.2 46Charging and commercial trading 3.3 47Guidance on charging 3.4 48Pressures on local authorities to generate income 3.5 49Summary 3.6 2'